Dementia and Wandering

Wandering is a frequent behavior in people with Alzheimer's or other types of dementia, affecting about 36% of those with the condition. Once wandering starts, there's a high risk that the person may get lost, which can be very stressful for caregivers and dangerous for the individual.

Alzheimer's affects a person's ability to recognize familiar places and people. It's not unusual for someone with dementia to wander or become confused about where they are, and this can occur at any stage of the disease.

Why Do Dementia Patients Wander?

Wandering behavior can be challenging to understand, but it often happens when individuals are looking for something or trying to return to a familiar place, like a job or favorite spot. Sometimes, people wander because they feel restless or agitated.

Here are some common reasons why people might wander:

• They can't remember instructions to wait or stay put.
• They feel agitated or may be experiencing delirium.
• A sudden change in routine or environment.
• Something they hear or see encourages them to move.
• They're searching for something from their past.
• They want to "go home," even if already there.

Risk factors for wandering include cognitive impairment, restlessness, agitation, and past wandering attempts. Wandering can be intentional or accidental, often due to confusion or memory loss. People may wander when they feel there's somewhere they need to be or something they need to do. Triggers can include changes in medication, environment, or feeling overwhelmed.

Recognize the Signs that Someone with Dementia May Be at Risk for Wandering

Knowing the signs that a person with dementia is at risk for wandering can help in managing and preventing this behavior. Here are some indicators:

• Restlessness: Exhibiting nervousness, pacing, or an inability to relax may increase the risk of wandering.
• Attempts to "Go Home": Expressing a desire to return home can indicate potential wandering.
• Frequent Forgetfulness: Forgetting where they currently are or why they are there may lead them to wander in search of familiar places.
• Following Past Routines: Wanting to perform old tasks, like going to work or visiting a place they used to go regularly.
• Disorientation: Getting lost in familiar settings, such as their neighborhood or home.
• Verbalizing Confusion: Making statements like "I need to go," "I'm trying to find something," or "I want to see someone."
• Agitation During Transitions: Becoming upset or confused during changes in routine or environment.
• If you suspect someone is at risk of wandering, the next step is implementing safety measures to prevent it.

Preventing Wandering

Caregivers can take several proactive measures to help prevent wandering in individuals with dementia. Here are some strategies:

• Create a Safe Environment: Install locks or alarms on doors and windows. Use child-proof doorknob covers or latch systems to make it more challenging to leave unnoticed.
• Utilize Identification: Ensure the person always carries identification, such as ID jewelry, with contact information in case they wander.
• Establish Routines: Consistent daily routines can reduce confusion and anxiety, minimizing the urge to wander.
• Engage in Activities: Provide meaningful, stimulating activities and exercise to reduce restlessness and boredom.
• Monitor Environmental Triggers: Identify and minimize triggers that cause agitation, such as loud noises or crowded rooms.
• Implement Technology: Consider GPS tracking devices or monitoring systems to help locate someone quickly if they wander.
• Communicate with Neighbors: Inform neighbors about the person’s condition so they are aware and can help keep an eye out.

Learn More About Our In-Home Care Services

Do you know someone with Alzheimer’s or dementia? Would you like to discuss support? Contact us to learn about our Alzheimer’s and dementia home care services and to schedule a free in-home consultation.